图  1  环形对流测试的初始条件和t=1时使用不同对流方法的结果^[13]. (a) t=0时256×256个笛卡尔网格上的开槽圆盘状初始密度分布及绕模拟区域中心顺时针旋转的速度场, (b)～(g) t=1时(绕中心旋转一周)使用不同对流方法计算得到的密度分布

Figure  1.  Initial condition of the circular advection test and results at t = 1 using different advection schemes, and the colormap represents the density distribution of the advection test. (a) Initial distribution of a slotted cylinder in Cartesian geometry with 256 × 256 cells at t=0; (b)～(g) simulated density distributions at t=1 s by different schemes

图  2  采用不同PDM参数α取值的电离层不规则体二维模拟结果^[13]

Figure  2.  Simulated plasma density distribution in ESF with four values for different PDM parameter $ \alpha $

图  3  t = 3500 s时刻三维模拟得到的等离子体密度在经度面、赤道面与$ \pm 10{^{\circ}} $纬度面上的分布^[15]

Figure  3.  Plasma density distribution from the three-dimensional simulation at t = 3500 s in the meridional plane, equatorial plane, and $ \pm 10{^{\circ}} $ latitude planes^[15]

图  4  t = 1660 s时刻二维和三维理论模式模拟的赤道面内低纬电离层不规则体等离子体密度分布^[15]

Figure  4.  Plasma density distribution in the equatorial plane at t = 1660 s in simulations of low-latitude ionospheric irregularities based on two-dimensional ) and three-dimensional theoretical models ^[15]

图  5  地磁平静时期t = 0 s, 1200 s, 2400 s 和3600 s时, 积分等离子体密度$ N\text{(a)～(d)} $及扰动等离子体密度$ \delta N $相对于背景积分等离子体密度$ {N}_{0} $的百分比(e)～(h) ^[17]

Figure  5.  Integrated plasma density $ N $ (a)～(d) and the percentage change of perturbed plasma density $ \delta N $ with respect to the initial plasma density $ {N}_{0} $ (e)～(h) at t=0 s,1200 s, 2400 s and 3600 s during geomagnetically quiet condition ^[17]

图  6  t=550 s时不同方向背景电场$ {\boldsymbol{E}}_{\boldsymbol{X}} $作用下的等离子体密度分布

Figure  6.  Plasma density distribution at t=550 s under background electric fields $ {E}_{X} $ in different directions

图  7  电离层模拟实验装置KSPEX

Figure  7.  Ionospheric simulation experimental device KSPEX