兴隆台站OH (3-1) 转动温度的反演与分析

李敏; 朱亚军; 刘伟军; 袁韦; 徐寄遥

doi:10.11728/cjss2026.05.2026-0043

兴隆台站OH (3-1) 转动温度的反演与分析

doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.05.2026-0043 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2026-0043

李敏^{1, 2,},
朱亚军^{1, 2, ,},
刘伟军¹,
袁韦¹,
徐寄遥^{1, 2}

1.
中国科学院国家空间科学中心太阳活动与空间天气全国重点实验室　北京　100190
2.
中国科学院大学　北京　100049

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(42174212)和中国子午工程、太阳活动与空间天气全国重点实验室专项研究基金项目共同资助

详细信息

作者简介:

李敏　女, 2000年8月出生于云南省大理市, 现为中国科学院国家空间科学中心太阳活动与空间天气全国重点实验室硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为中高层大气物理. E-mail: limin233@mails.ucas.ac.cn

通讯作者:

朱亚军　男, 1985年8月出生, 中国科学院国家空间科学中心研究员, 博士生导师, 主要研究方向为中高层大气动力学、光化学以及辐射等物理过程和机制、中高层大气地基和卫星探测数的分析和反演算法, 以及被动光学遥感探测仪器的研发等. E-mail: y.zhu@swl.ac.cn

中图分类号: P351
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-02-24
- 修回日期: 2026-06-13
- 网络出版日期: 2026-06-16

Retrieval and Analysis of OH (3-1) Rotational Temperature at Xinglong Station

LI Min^{1, 2
,},
ZHU Yajun^{1, 2
, ,},
LIU Weijun¹,
YUAN Wei¹,
XU Jiyao^{1, 2}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

摘要

摘要: 中间层顶是地球大气响应太阳活动和低层大气波动变化的关键区域, 中间层顶温度是理解中高层大气动力过程和气候变化的重要参数, OH气辉的转动温度常被用于监测中间层顶区域的长期变化. 为研究该区域温度的长期变化, 使用中国兴隆台站(40°24'N, 117°35'E)地基红外光谱仪(Ground-Based Infrared Spectrometer, GBIS)在2017－2024年的OH (3-1)气辉光谱数据, 通过多光谱全局优化拟合算法反演得到OH气辉的转动温度. 研究发现, OH (3-1)转动温度在2017－2024年年平均转动温度平均值为199.3 K, 且呈现出显著的季节性变化特征, 表现为冬季温度高、夏季温度低, 年周期振幅约为11.6 K, 为主导季节振荡成分; 其年际变化与太阳活动变化具有良好的对应关系, 夏季和冬季平均温度均呈上升趋势, 其中冬季增温速率明显高于夏季. 研究表明, 兴隆地区中间层顶温度变化受到太阳活动和大气动力过程的共同调制, OH (3-1)转动温度可作为监测中间层顶长期温度变化的重要指标.
- OH (3-1)转动温度 /
- GBIS /
- 多光谱全局优化拟合算法 /
- 反演
Abstract: Mesopause is a key region that responds to solar activity and wave perturbations originating from the lower atmosphere. Temperature in this region is an essential parameter for understanding the dynamical processes and climate change in the middle and upper atmosphere. Rotational temperature of OH airglow is widely used to monitor long-term temperature variations near the mesopause. To investigate the long-term temperature variability in this region, OH (3-1) airglow spectra obtained by a Ground-Based Infrared Spectrometer (GBIS) at Xinglong Station (40°24'N, 117°35'E), China, from 2017 to 2024 were analyzed. The OH rotational temperature was retrieved using a multispectral global optimization fitting algorithm. The reliability of the retrieved temperatures was verified through comparisons with independent measurements from the TIMED satellite and the co-located SpectroMeter of Atmospheric RadiaTion (SMART), showing overall good agreement. The results indicate that the average of annual OH (3-1) rotational temperature during 2017–2024 was 199.3 K and exhibited pronounced seasonal variability, characterized by higher temperatures in winter and lower temperatures in summer. Lomb-Scargle spectral analysis identified the annual oscillation as the dominant periodic component, with an average amplitude of approximately 11.6 K. Furthermore, the interannual variation of the annual mean temperature showed good agreement with changes in solar activity, while both summer and winter mean temperatures exhibited increasing trends throughout the study period, with winter temperatures increasing more rapidly than summer temperatures. These findings suggest that the temperature variability in the mesopause region above Xinglong is jointly influenced by solar activity and atmospheric dynamical processes. The long-term OH (3-1) rotational temperature observations presented in this study demonstrate the capability of GBIS measurements for monitoring long-term temperature variations in the mesopause region and provide valuable observational evidence for understanding the response of the middle and upper atmosphere to external forcing and dynamical processes.
- Rotational temperature /
- GBIS /
- Multispectral global optimization fitting algorithm /
- Retrieval
注释:
医学伦理:
1) 研究不涉及人体或动物实验.
利益冲突:
2) 所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突.

3) Space Weather Canada, https://spaceweather.gc.ca/forecast-prevision/solar-solaire/solarflux/sx-5-en.php.

HTML全文

图 1 2024年12月9日兴隆台站地基红外光谱仪(GBIS)观测的OH夜气辉光谱. 黑色曲线表示实际观测得到的光谱, 红色虚线表示通过多光谱全局优化拟合算法得到的结果

Figure 1. OH nightglow spectrum observed by Ground-Based Infrared Spectrometer (GBIS) at Xinglong Station on 9 December 2024. The black curve represents the actual observed spectrum, and the red dashed line shows the fitting result by using the multispectral global optimization fitting algorithm

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图 2 兴隆台站2017－2024年OH (3-1)转动温度时间序列. 黑色散点代表每日的夜间平均温度

Figure 2. Time series of OH (3-1) rotational temperatures observed at Xinglong Station from 2017 to 2024. The black scatter points represent the night-mean temperature

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图 3 GBIS与TIMED卫星及同台站SMART测得的8年平均温度时间序列. (a)OH (3-1)转动温度与SABER加权平均温度时间序列, 其中红色为GBIS观测温度, 蓝色为SABER(1.6 μm)加权平均温度, 绿色为SABER(2.0 μm)加权平均温度, 误差棒表示标准差; (b)OH (3-1)转动温度与OH (6-2)转动温度时间序列, 其中橙色为OH (3-1)转动温度, 紫色为OH (6-2)转动温度, 误差棒表示标准差

Figure 3. Time series of 8-year mean temperatures measured from GBIS, the TIMED satellite, and the co-located SMART spectrometer. (a) shows the OH (3-1) rotational temperature and SABER weighted mean temperatures: red indicates GBIS observed temperature, blue indicates SABER (1.6 μm) weighted mean temperature, and green indicates SABER (2.0 μm) weighted mean temperature. Error bars represent standard deviations. (b) shows the OH (3-1) rotational temperature and OH (6-2) rotational temperature: orange indicates OH (3-1) rotational temperature, purple indicates OH (6-2) rotational temperature. Error bars also represent standard deviations

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图 4 兴隆台站OH (3-1)气辉转动温度有效观测天数月平均分布. 蓝色曲线代表所有夜晚的总观测数, 橙色曲线对应观测时长 ≥4 h的有效观测夜晚数量

Figure 4. Monthly distribution of the average number of valid observational nights for OH (3-1) rotational temperature measurements at Xinglong Station. The blue curve represents the total number of nights observed, and the orange curve corresponds to the number of valid nights with an observation time ≥4 h

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图 5 OH (3-1)转动温度的LSP周期分析结果. 蓝色曲线表示信号的功率谱, 红色虚线为95%置信水平

Figure 5. Lomb-Scargle Periodogram (LSP) results for the OH (3-1) rotational temperature time series. The blue curve represents the power spectrum of the signal, and the red dashed line indicates the 95% confidence level

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图 6 2017年OH (3-1)转动温度的拟合结果. 黑色圆点代表每一天的日均温度值, 红色曲线为对应的拟合结果. 黑色折线为温度残差, 即实际温度与拟合值的差值

Figure 6. Fitting result of the OH (3-1) rotational temperature in 2017. The black dots represent the daily mean temperature for each day, and the red curve shows the corresponding fitting result. The black polyline is the temperature residual, i.e., the difference between the measurement and the fitted value

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图 7 2017－2024年兴隆台站OH (3-1) 年平均转动温度和年均F_10.7指数. 图中红色实心圆点代表OH气辉的年均转动温度, 蓝色实心方点代表F_10.7指数年均值

Figure 7. Annual mean OH (3-1) rotational temperature and annual mean solar radio flux index F_10.7 at Xinglong Station from 2017 to 2024. The solid red circles in the figure represent the annual mean rotational temperature of the OH airglow, and the solid blue squares represent the annual mean F_10.7 index

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图 8 2017－2024年OH (3-1)转动温度各周期分量振幅和相位变化. (a)2017－2024年OH (3-1)转动温度年周期、半年周期和1/3年周期分量年均振幅变化, (b)对应各周期分量的年均相位变化. 红色表示年周期成分, 蓝色表示半年周期成分, 绿色表示1/3年周期成分

Figure 8. Variation of amplitude and phase of OH (3-1) rotational temperature in each period from 2017 to 2024. (a) Annual variations of the mean amplitudes of the annual, semi-annual, and ter-annual components of the OH (3-1) rotational temperature from 2017 to 2024. (b) Corresponding annual mean phase variations of each periodic component. Red dot line represents the annual component, blue square line represents the semi-annual component, and green triangle line represents the ter-annual component

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图 9 2017－2024年季节平均温度变化. 红色散点代表夏季年平均温度, 蓝色散点代表冬季年平均温度, 虚线为线性拟合结果

Figure 9. Interannual variation of the seasonal mean OH (3-1) rotational temperatures from 2017 to 2024. The red scatter points represent the annual mean temperature in summer, the blue scatter points represent the annual mean temperature in winter, and the dashed line is the linear fitting result

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