Constellation Design for Geosynchronous Belt Surveillance System Based on the SBV Sensor
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摘要: 以天基可见光(Space-BasedVisible,SBV)传感器实现对整个地球同步带的监视为研究背景,对监视系统星座构型进行分析与设计.在分析三种观测模式优劣的基础上,给出了最优观测模式;导出了监视卫星轨道高度与搜索栅栏参数之间的关系,并以此确定了监视系统轨道高度的可选范围;通过分析影响天基可见光传感器观测时段和操作策略的因素,给出了SBV传感器的最优观测时段及成像时间的分配原则;在分析单星和双星监视系统方案覆盖率与重访次数的基础上,给出了监视系统卫星数目和搜索栅栏大小的选取原则以及满足回归性的双星监视系统轨道高度选取范围.研究结果表明,监视卫星经过天极附近时采用pinchpoints观测模式可有效提高对较大倾角地球同步轨道目标的覆盖能力,其轨道采用降交点在06:00LT或18:00LT时的太阳同步圆轨道,高度约在615～850km,且在此范围内有6条轨道满足星座回归性要求.Abstract: The constellation configuration of the surveillance system was analyzed and designed, under the background of monitoring the entire geosynchronous belt using the Space-Based Visible (SBV) sensor. Firstly, the optimal observation model was extracted based on summarizing the merits and weak points of the three observation models. Secondly, relationship between the orbit altitude of the surveillance satellite and parameters of the search fence was deduced, and the numeric area of orbit altitude was derived. Thirdly, the principle of distribution of optimal observation period and imaging time for SBV sensor were extracted, based on analyzing the influence factors. Finally, the principle of selection for the satellite number of surveillance system and the size of the search fence, and the numeric area of orbit altitude of two-satellite surveillance system which satisfied the requirement of regressive orbit characteristic were extracted, based on analyzing the percentage of coverage and observational frequency for the single-satellite and two-satellite surveillance system. The results indicate that the ability of coverage for geosynchronous object which has a large inclination is improved when the surveillance satellite crossing the celestial pole and using pinch points observation model. The orbit of surveillance satellite is sun-synchronous circle orbit which local time of descending node at 06:00LT or 18:00LT, altitude from 615km to 850km, and around this range there are 6 piece regressive orbits.
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