单星模拟器多星点自动更换装置设计
doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.01.2025-0003 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2025-0003
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葛世蕊 女, 1998年3月出生于黑龙江哈尔滨市, 现为长春理工大学硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为星模拟技术等. E-mail: gsr0309@163.com -
苏拾 男, 1978年5月出生于吉林长春市, 现为长春理工大学光电工程学院教授, 主要研究方向为精密测量技术、太阳模拟技术与LED应用技术等. E-mail: sushi@cust.edu.cn
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Design of Automatic Changing Device for Multiple Star Points of Single Star Simulator
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摘要: 为解决单星模拟器模拟不同恒星目标时需要手动更换星点板、检定效率低、光轴一致性差等问题, 设计一种单星模拟器多星点自动更换装置. 基于离轴反射式单星模拟器工作原理提出一种转轮式多星点自动更换装置, 根据恒星模拟理论和设计要求确定星点板微孔尺寸, 设计星点板安装及调整结构, 以轻量化为目标对星点盘进行有限元分析与优化; 分析杂光传输来源, 设计消杂光结构, 降低对星等模拟的影响; 设计电控系统实现星点板自动切换, 通过自校正控制减少星点板的轴向偏移误差, 并对影响星点板切换精度的误差源进行分析. 结果表明, 星点单星张角误差优于1.2'', 星点位置光轴一致性优于10 μm, 满足了单星模拟器模拟不同恒星目标时的高效性和星点张角与位置的精确性要求.Abstract: In order to solve the problems of manually changing the star point plate when simulating different stellar targets with a single star simulator, low efficiency of calibration, poor consistency of the optical axis, etc. A single-star simulator multi-star point automatic replacement device is designed. Based on the working principle of off-axis reflective single star simulator, a rotating wheel type multi-star point automatic replacement device is proposed, according to the theory and design requirements of the stellar simulator to determine the size of the star point plate micro-aperture, to design the mounting and adjustment structure of the star point plate, to adjust the consistency of the star point micro-aperture with the optical axis of the optical system, and to carry out the finite element analysis and optimization of the star point disc with the goal of light weighting. Circularity, the sources of stray light transmission are analyzed and suppression measures are summarized, and a stray light cancellation structure is designed to reduce the impact on the magnitude simulation. The design of the electronic control system to achieve the automatic switching of the star point plate and the precision analysis of the error source of the influence. The results show: the single star point tensor angle error is better than 1.2″, and the optical axis consistency of the star point position is better than 10 μm, which meets the accuracy requirements of the single star tensor angle and the star point position of the single-star simulator when simulating different stellar targets, and improves the efficiency of the checking and simulation accuracy of the simulation of different stellar targets.
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图 4 多星点自动更换装置总体结构
Figure 4. Overall structure of automatic multi-star point changing device
图 9 各输出量关于星点盘厚度的局部灵敏度曲线
Figure 9. Local sensitivity curves for each output with respect to the thickness of the star point disc
图 12 星点板调节筒消杂光结构
Figure 12. Stray light suppression structure of Star target adjustment tube
图 15 单星张角误差分析. (a)经纬仪实测单星张角, (b)实测单星张角与理论单星张角对比
Figure 15. Error analysis of single-star angular diameter . (a) Single-star angular diameter measured by theodolite, (b) Comparison diagram of measured and theoretical single star anglular diameter
表 1 多星点自动更换装置设计指标
Table 1. Design index of multi-star point automatic replacement device
技术指标 设计要求 模拟星点数量 15 星点尺寸范围/μm 15～230 单星张角误差/('') <1.2 星点光轴一致性误差/μm <10 星点板更换方式 electric control 
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表 2 三个候选优化结果
Table 2. Three candidate optimization results
候选点 1 2 3 星点盘厚度/mm 4.3088 4.3321 4.3773 星点盘质量/kg 参数值 0.5773 0.5803 0.5862 与参考值的偏差 –27.56% –27.18% –26.45% 最大总变形/mm 参数值 0.0019208 0.0019188 0.0019151 与参考值的偏差 8.23% 8.12% 7.91% 最大等效应力/MPa 参数值 2.9784 2.9742 2.9673 与参考值的偏差 6.51% 6.36% 6.11%
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表 3 优化前后各数值对照表
Table 3. Comparison table of values before and after optimization
优化目标 星点盘厚度/mm 星点盘质量/kg 最大总变形/mm 最大等效应力/MPa 初始值 6.0000 0.7970 0.0018 2.7963 优化值 4.3773 0.5862 0.0019 2.9673
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