3D打印高温钛水热管的传热性能实验和仿真
doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.01.2025-0145 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2025-0145
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王慧志 男, 1992年4月出生于河南省周口市, 现为北京空间飞行器总体设计部高级工程师, 主要研究方向为航天器热控技术. E-mail: wanghuizhi@cast.com -
郭元东 男, 1992年6月出生于河北省邢台市. 现为北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院副教授, 博士生导师, 主要研究方向为航空航天器热管理、热管、流动沸腾传热技术. E-mail: guoyd@buaa.edu.cn
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Experiments and Simulations on 3D Printed High Temperature Titanium Water Heat Pipe
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摘要: 未来星际航行对高温工况下的废热排散提出了更高的要求. 当前辐射器设计越来越依赖热管, 高温环境下具有高导热性的钛水热管, 可以有效传递热量, 并且最大限度缩减辐射器的面积. 本文针对3D打印的钛水热管进行了传热性能实验与仿真研究. 在100～225℃的工作温度范围内, 通过向热管施加不同的加热功率, 研究钛水热管的传热能力. 实验结果表明, 钛水热管的最大传热温差随加热功率的增大而增加, 钛水热管在200℃时最大传热功率为893.9 W. 在实验测试的基础上开展仿真研究, 得到钛水热管的等效换热系数随温度的变化规律, 并预测250℃下其等效换热系数为3650 W·m–2·K–1), 传热温差为29.22℃.Abstract: Future interstellar navigation will demand new energy. The thrust of spacecraft using chemical fuels is difficult to sustain, and a suitable launch window must be found for each launch in order to utilize the planet's gravity for acceleration. Traditional solar panels are far from meeting the energy requirements for manned interstellar travel and must rely on the effective and stable supply of new energy power systems. The propulsion system of new energy powered spacecraft can carry a larger payload, enter planetary orbit and return to the ground in a more flexible and efficient manner, but also poses higher requirements for waste heat dissipation at high temperatures. Heat pipe technology is an important technical means to achieve efficient and long-distance heat transfer in medium and high temperature zones (100～300℃). The current radiator design increasingly relies on heat pipes. Titanium water heat pipes with high thermal conductivity at high temperatures can effectively transfer heat and raise the radiation temperature, thus minimize the area of the radiator. Experiments and simulations on the 3D printed titanium water heat pipe were conducted. Applying different heating powers at 100～225℃, the heat transfer capacity of the titanium water heat pipe was studied. The results show that the maximum heat transfer temperature difference of the titanium water heat pipe increases with the increase of heating power. The maximum heat transfer power of titanium water heat pipe at 200℃ is 893.9 W, and analysis shows that the maximum heat transfer power of titanium water heat pipes is greater than 893.9 W at 200～264℃. Based on experiments, simulations were conducted to obtain the variation of the equivalent heat transfer coefficient of titanium water heat pipes with temperature. The equivalent heat transfer coefficient at 250℃ is predicted to be 3650 W·m–2·K–1, with a heat transfer temperature difference of 29.22℃.
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图 2 钛水热管上温度测点的分布
Figure 2. Distribution diagram of temperature measuring points on titanium water heat pipe
图 3 不同温度下钛水热管的最大传热温差ΔTmax随实际加热功率Q的变化
Figure 3. Maximum heat transfer temperature difference ΔTmax of titanium water heat pipe varied with the actual heating power Q at different temperatures
图 4 不同温度下钛水热管的热阻R随实际加热功率Q的变化
Figure 4. Thermal resistance R of titanium water heat pipe varied with the actual heating power Q at different temperatures
图 7 实验与仿真所得的热管最大传热温差
Figure 7. Maximum heat transfer temperature difference of the heat pipe obtained from experiments and simulations
图 8 仿真中等效换热系数随热管工作温度变化情况
Figure 8. Variation of equivalent heat transfer coefficient with the working temperature of the heat pipe in simulation
图 9 钛水热管仿真结果(250℃, 800 W)
Figure 9. Simulation results of titanium water heat pipe (250℃, 800 W)
表 1 钛水热管性能实验工况
Table 1. Experimental conditions for performance of titanium water heat pipes
绝热段温度/℃ 加热功率/W 100 200, 300, 400, 500 125 300, 400, 500, 600 150 500, 600, 700, 800 175 700, 800, 900 200 850, 900 225 700, 800, 850 
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