According to the request of Payloads, it is necessary to design a safe and reliable Payload Data Handling Unit (PDHU) for YH-1 satellite. The functions of PDHU are data collection, data processing, data storage and system power supply. PDHU affords an operating system, which is convenient for software development. Under the circumstances of Mars exploration, a channel encoding method which adopts the non-interlaced RS-Convolutional Concatenated Code is used to ensure the communication between the space and the Earth.