Observation Mission and Scientific Calibration of the International Lunar Observatory Camera (ILO-C) on Chang'e-7

The Moon offers an excellent platform for astronomical observations because of its tenuous exosphere, lack of atmospheric turbulence, and stable surface, which are particularly favorable for studies in the visible and ultraviolet bands. These conditions make it possible to conduct long-term observations without atmospheric interference. The International Lunar Observatory Camera (ILO-C), an international payload on the Chang’e-7 mission, aims to take advantage of these features to provide a unique perspective on the Milky Way and the broader universe. It is also intended to support science education and to validate technologies for future lunar observatories. Achieving the scientific goals of ILO-C relies strongly on the effective design and implementation of its calibration strategy, especially the comparison between early in-orbit measurements and ground-based observations of similar type.