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HE Pengzhi, SUI Li, HUA Daoben, WANG Zhimin, SHAO Changsheng, SHI Quanqi, JIA Xianghong. Space Radiation Environment, Effects and Detection in Manned Space Missions (in Chinese). Chinese Journal of Space Science, 2026, 46(5): 1-15 doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.05.2025-0233
Citation: HE Pengzhi, SUI Li, HUA Daoben, WANG Zhimin, SHAO Changsheng, SHI Quanqi, JIA Xianghong. Space Radiation Environment, Effects and Detection in Manned Space Missions (in Chinese). Chinese Journal of Space Science, 2026, 46(5): 1-15 doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.05.2025-0233
shu

Space Radiation Environment, Effects and Detection in Manned Space Missions

doi: 10.11728/cjss2026.05.2025-0233 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2025-0233
  • 1.

    Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai 264209

  • 2.

    Institute of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), Beijing 102413

  • 3.

    School for Radiological & Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD–X), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123

  • 4.

    School of Interdisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081

  • 5.

    Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230026

  • 6.

    Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment and Population Health of Xizang Autonomous Region, Xizang University, Lhasa 850000

  • Received Date: 2025-12-26
  • Rev Recd Date: 2026-05-07
    • Available Online: 2026-05-08
    Abstract
  • As human space activities extend from low Earth orbit to the cislunar region and interplanetary space, space radiation has emerged as a fundamental safety issue constraining mission reliability and the feasibility of long-term human presence beyond Earth. Characterized by multiple sources, high particle energies, and strong temporal variability, the space radiation not only affects the reliability of spacecraft structural materials and electronic systems, but also poses potential risks to the physiological functions and long-term health of astronauts. In low Earth orbit, the radiation environment is primarily composed of trapped particle radiation, galactic cosmic rays, and sporadic high-intensity solar particle events. For deep-space exploration missions beyond the protection of the geomagnetic field, the spatiotemporal behavior and interaction mechanisms of space radiation become increasingly complex, exposing both spacecraft systems and astronauts to elevated radiation levels and cumulative effects. Meanwhile, long-duration missions involving extended habitation within spacecraft or extraterrestrial bases further amplify the effect of radiation on mission design and feasibility. This necessitates greater rigor in radiation monitoring, effects analysis, and risk assessment. To address these challenges, a systematic study integrating environmental characterization, radiation effects, and detection technologies is needed. This paper reviews the characteristics of the space radiation environment and its effects on both spacecraft systems and biological organisms. It further introduces the principles and current development of radiation detection technologies, including various dosimetric methods, particle identification techniques, and energy spectrum measurement approaches. In addition, representative space missions are examined as case studies to illustrate the evolution of radiation monitoring strategies and in-orbit measurement capabilities. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive review of the space radiation environment, its effects, and associated detection technologies in the context of human spaceflight. This study provides a scientific basis for radiation monitoring and risk assessment in manned spaceflight, and offers important references for safety analyses and mission design in deep-space exploration.

     

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