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YIN Ping, ZHANG Shanshan, XU Shuo, HOU Xiuze. The Use of NeQuick G Model and COSMIC-2 Occultation Data in ionospheric Tomography Algorithm (in Chinese). Chinese Journal of Space Science, 2025, 45(4): 1-12 doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.04.2024-0077
Citation: YIN Ping, ZHANG Shanshan, XU Shuo, HOU Xiuze. The Use of NeQuick G Model and COSMIC-2 Occultation Data in ionospheric Tomography Algorithm (in Chinese). Chinese Journal of Space Science, 2025, 45(4): 1-12 doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.04.2024-0077
shu

The Use of NeQuick G Model and COSMIC-2 Occultation Data in ionospheric Tomography Algorithm

doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.04.2024-0077 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2024-0077

  • Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300

  • Received Date: 2024-06-15
  • Accepted Date: 2025-07-10
  • Rev Recd Date: 2025-03-11
    • Available Online: 2025-05-19
    Abstract
  • As effective means of ionospheric monitoring, NeQuick G model and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate 2 (COSMIC-2) have been providing plenty of information for characterizing ionospheric conditions. For example, the NeQuick G model is an empirical model that can offer estimated ionospheric electron density and total electron content (TEC) data at any given time and location, while COSMIC-2 yields measured electron density profiles via radio occultation techniques, thus providing direct observations of vertical ionospheric structures. With the development of ionospheric tomograhic techniques based on GNSS data, four-dimensional (spatio-temporal) distribution of electron density can be reconstructed globally even during periods of ionospheric disturbances. However, such tomographic techniques are often limited by uneven data coverage (non-uniform distribution of observation paths) and low vertical resolution in the inversion, which may reduce reconstruction accuracy. In this study, an improved three-dimensional ionospheric tomography approach is presented, adapting the Multi-Instrument Data Analysis System (MIDAS) algorithm to integrate NeQuick G model electron density profiles and COSMIC-2 occultation observations. By incorporating a background model and direct profile measurements, the tomography inversion receives additional constraints that help mitigate issues of data sparsity and improve vertical structure accuracy. Take a case study as an example, this improved MIDAS tomographic method is applied to reconstruct the ionospheric electron density distribution over the Wuhan station (WU430), China and one South Korean station (JJ433) during the period of ionospheric disturbance between November 3 and 4 in 2021. Besides, ionosonde observation data from these two stations are used as the independent measurements to evaluate the inversion results in term of peak electron density (NmF2) and peak height (hmF2) of the F2 layer, as well as electron density profiles. The comparsion results show that the improvement percentage of the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of NmF2 tomographic results was up to 30.7%, and the RMSE improvement percentage of hmF2 tomographic results was up to 59.21%.

     

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