Volume 45 Issue 5
Oct.  2025
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Article Navigation >  Chinese Journal of Space Science  > 2025  >  45(5): 1285-1306 Open Access
WAN Liming, TANG Hong, LI Xiongyao, LIU Jianzhong. Analysis of the Key Elements of Martian Habitable Environment and Its Implication for Tianwen-3 Site Selection (in Chinese). Chinese Journal of Space Science, 2025, 45(5): 1285-1306 doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.05.2024-0131
Citation: WAN Liming, TANG Hong, LI Xiongyao, LIU Jianzhong. Analysis of the Key Elements of Martian Habitable Environment and Its Implication for Tianwen-3 Site Selection (in Chinese). Chinese Journal of Space Science, 2025, 45(5): 1285-1306 doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.05.2024-0131
shu

Analysis of the Key Elements of Martian Habitable Environment and Its Implication for Tianwen-3 Site Selection

doi: 10.11728/cjss2025.05.2024-0131 cstr: 32142.14.cjss.2024-0131
  • 1.

    Center for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081

  • 2.

    Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230026

  • 3.

    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

  • Received Date: 2024-10-20
  • Rev Recd Date: 2025-03-19
    • Available Online: 2025-03-21
    Abstract
  • The study of Martian habitable environment is an important aspect of Mars exploration and planetary science. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the key factors influencing Martian habitability, by reviewing the research achievements from past Mars exploration missions. The analysis focuses on four essential criteria necessary for life as we know it: the availability of key elements (carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus), the presence of liquid water, suitable climate conditions, and energy sources that could support life. These criteria form the foundation for understanding the potential for life on Mars, both in its past and in possible future scenarios. Based on these factors, comparing and the geological background and key elements of habitable environments of Utopia Planitia and four typical areas of northwest of Arabia Terra (Mawrth Vallis, Oyama Crater, McLaughlin Crater, Oxia Planum). These regions were selected based on their geological characteristics and the available evidence of water-related activity. The findings emphasize that Utopia Planitia, with its extensive traces of ancient liquid water activity, is a promising candidate for landing missions. The region is notable for its rich mineral composition, including the presence of minerals that strongly indicate the past or present potential for habitable conditions. These mineral traces provide invaluable clues regarding the availability of key life-supporting elements and the climatic conditions that could have prevailed in Mars’ ancient past. In contrast, while Mawrth Vallis and Oxia Planum also provide compelling geological evidence of past water activity, they present certain challenges. These regions are known for their complex and highly varied geological history, which makes interpreting the evidence of habitability more difficult. Moreover, the accessibility and preservation of key habitability features in these areas may be compromised due to erosional and environmental factors. On the other hand, Oyama Crater and McLaughlin Crater, although presenting some interesting findings, are less favorable candidates due to their environmental harshness, as well as limited evidence of sustained water activity or suitable conditions for life. The paper reinforces the significance of Utopia Planitia as an important target for future Mars missions, including the Tianwen-3 mission, which aims to explore the planet’s potential for past or present life. And this paper offers critical insights that could guide the selection of landing sites for future missions and advance the exploration of habitable environments on Mars.

     

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